Transformasi Digital UMKM di Kota Makassar
Analisis Faktor Teknologi, Organisasi, dan Lingkungan Berdasarkan Kerangka TOE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59001/pjeb.v5i1.816Keywords:
digitalisasi, kerangka TOE, Kota Makassar, transformasi digital, UMKMAbstract
The development of digital technology has driven transformations in the operational and marketing strategies of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), including in Makassar City as one of the major trading centers in eastern Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of MSME digitalization in Makassar through an integrative literature review approach using the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. The research data were obtained from various national and international journal publications relevant to the topics of digital transformation and MSME development. The synthesis of the literature indicates that the success of MSME digitalization is influenced by the interaction between technological readiness, organizational capabilities, and supportive environmental policies. The findings highlight the importance of harmonizing internal and external factors to support the digital transformation of MSMEs in Makassar, while also providing strategic implications for local governments and stakeholders in designing more contextual and sustainable MSME digitalization policies.
Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong transformasi operasional dan pemasaran Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), termasuk di Kota Makassar sebagai pusat perdagangan di kawasan timur Indonesia. Transformasi digital membuka peluang perluasan pasar dan peningkatan efisiensi usaha, namun juga menghadirkan tantangan struktural dan kultural bagi pelaku UMKM lokal. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara konseptual tantangan dan peluang digitalisasi UMKM di Kota Makassar melalui pendekatan studi literatur dengan menggunakan kerangka Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE). Data dikumpulkan dari jurnal nasional dan internasional bereputasi serta publikasi relevan yang membahas digitalisasi, e-commerce, dan inklusi keuangan UMKM. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa peluang utama digitalisasi meliputi perluasan akses pasar berbasis platform bold, peningkatan efisiensi operasional melalui aplikasi bisnis digital, serta penguatan inklusi keuangan berbasis fintech. Di sisi lain, tantangan yang dominan mencakup rendahnya literasi digital, keterbatasan kapasitas manajerial dan investasi teknologi, hambatan regulasi dan pembiayaan, serta resistensi organisasi terhadap perubahan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan transformasi UMKM digital di Makassar bergantung pada kesiapan integrasi internal, dukungan kebijakan daerah, dan penguatan ekosistem digital yang kolaboratif. Artikel ini memberikan kesan strategis bagi pemerintah daerah dan pemangku kepentingan dalam merancang kebijakan digitalisasi UMKM yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
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