Persistensi Korupsi Sektor Publik

Dari Motivasi Individu sampai Normalisasi dalam Budaya Organisasi

Authors

  • Rahmat Aiman Philosophia Institute, Makasar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59001/pjeb.v3i1.156

Keywords:

Korupsi Sektor Publik, Penyebab Korupsi, Mitigasi Korupsi

Abstract

Corruption in the public sector represents a significant issue in many countries, causing harm to societies and undermining policymaking processes. Despite numerous research efforts aimed at understanding this phenomenon, there remains a need for a deeper understanding of the causes and effective solutions. This study aims to map the factors contributing to the persistence of corruption in the public sector and identify relevant mitigation strategies. Findings from a literature review indicate that corruption evolves gradually, beginning with individual motivations, reinforced by external factors, and then normalized within organizational culture. Mitigation recommendations are necessary at each stage. These may include re-education on corruption and anti-corruption values, enhancing economic equity, strengthening democracy, reducing political interference in oversight institutions, and bolstering the roles of auditors and internal oversight. Consequently, strengthening social controls and collective learning are expected to diminish and prevent corruption in the public sector.

Korupsi dalam sektor publik adalah masalah yang signifikan di banyak negara, merugikan masyarakat, dan melemahkan proses pembuatan kebijakan. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk memahami fenomena ini, masih ada kebutuhan akan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang penyebab dan solusi yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan persistensi korupsi dalam sektor publik dan mengidentifikasi strategi mitigasi yang relevan. Hasil penelitian melalui tinjauan literatur menujukkan bahwa korupsi berkembang secara bertahap, dimulai dari dorongan individu, diperkuat oleh faktor-faktor eksternal, lalu dinormalisasi dalam budaya organisasi. Rekomendasi mitigasi korupsi diperlukan di setiap tahap tersebut. Beberapa di antaranya melibatkan pembelajaran ulang kembali tentang korupsi dan nilai-nilai anti-korupsi, meningkatkan pemerataan ekonomi, memperkuat demokrasi, mengurangi intervensi politik dalam lembaga pengawasan, dan memperkuat peran auditor serta pengawasan internal. Dengan demikian, penguatan pengendalian sosial dan pembelajaran kolektif diharapkan dapat mengurangi dan mencegah korupsi dalam sektor publik.

References

Asiedu, K. F., & Deffor, E. W. (2017). Fighting corruption by means of effective internal audit function: Evidence from the Ghanaian public sector. International Journal of Auditing, 21(1), 82-99.

Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). (2022). Report To The Nations 2020 Global Study On Occupational Fraud And Abuse. Dapat diakses melalui https://legacy.acfe.com/report-to-the-nations/2022/.

Cornell, A., & Sundell, A. (2020). Money matters: The role of public sector wages in corruption prevention. Public Administration, 98(1), 244-260.

Corrado, G., & Rossetti, F. (2018). Public corruption: A study across regions in Italy. Journal of Policy Modeling, 40(6), 1126-1139.

Corrado, Germana, and Fiammetta Rossetti (2018). Public Corruption: A Study across Regions in Italy. Journal of Policy Modeling, vol. 40, issue 6, pp. 1126-1139.

Costello, B. J., & Laub, J. H. (2020). Social control theory: The legacy of Travis Hirschi's causes of delinquency. Annual Review of Criminology, 3, 21-41.

De Vries, M., & Sobis, I. (2016). Increasing transparency is not always the panacea: An overview of alternative paths to curb corruption in the public sector. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(3), 255-270.

Ferguson, G. (2017). The lawyer’s role in advising business clients on corruption and anti-corruption issues. GLOBAL CORRUPTION: Law, Theory and Practice. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication.

Ferwerda, J., Deleanu, I., & Unger, B. (2017). Corruption in public procurement: finding the right indicators. European journal on criminal policy and research, 23, 245-267.

Fleming, P., Zyglidopoulos, S., Boura, M., & Lioukas, S. (2022). How corruption is tolerated in the Greek public sector: Toward a second-order theory of normalization. Business & Society, 61(1), 191-224.

Goel, Rajeev K., and Michael A. Nelson (2010). Causes of Corruption: History, Geography and Government. Journal of Policy Modeling, vol. 32, issue 4, pp. 433-447.

Gorsira, M., Steg, L., Denkers, A., & Huisman, W. (2018). Corruption in organizations: Ethical climate and individual motives. Administrative Sciences, 8(1), 4.

Gutmann, J., & Lucas, V. (2018). Private-sector corruption: Measurement and cultural origins. Social Indicators Research, 138, 747-770.

Hirschi, Travis (1969) Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

Hoa, N. T. T., & Thanh, N. N. (2023). Factors Affecting Corruption Control in Public Administration: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(12), e1636-e1636.

Ijewereme, O. B. (2015). Anatomy of corruption in the Nigerian public sector: Theoretical perspectives and some empirical explanations. Sage Open, 5(2), 2158244015581188.

International Monetary Fund (2016). Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies. Washington, D.C.

Lederman, Daniel, Norman Loayza, and Rodrigo Reis Soares (2005). Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter. Policy Research Working Papers. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Linhartová, V. (2019). Curbing corruption in the public sector by utilizing electronic public administration. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, volume 67, issue: 4.

Locatelli, G., Mariani, G., Sainati, T., & Greco, M. (2017). Corruption in public projects and megaprojects: There is an elephant in the room!. International journal of project management, 35(3), 252-268.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. john wiley & sons.

Natural Resource Governance Institute (2019). Corruption. Available from https://resourcegovernance.org/topics/corruption.

Osimen, G. U., Adenegan, T. S., & Balogun, A. (2013). An assessment of corruption in the public sector in Nigeria: A study of Akure South local government Area, Ondo State. Canadian Social Science, 9(5), 87.

Otalor, J. I., & Eiya, O. (2013). Combating corruption in Nigeria: The role of the public sector auditor. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(4), 122-131.

Othman, Z., Shafie, R., & Hamid, F. Z. A. (2014). Corruption–Why do they do it?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, 248-257.

Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2013). Why anticorruption reforms fail—systemic corruption as a collective action problem. Governance, 26(3), 449-471.

Prabowo, H. Y., & Cooper, K. (2016). Re-understanding corruption in the Indonesian public sector through three behavioral lenses. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(4), 1028-1062.

Prabowo, H. Y., Sriyana, J., & Syamsudin, M. (2018). Forgetting corruption: unlearning the knowledge of corruption in the Indonesian public sector. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(1), 28-56.

Rose-Ackerman, S. (2014). Corruption and conflicts of interest. In Corruption and Conflicts of Interest (pp. 3-12). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Rose-Ackerman, S., & Palifka, B. J. (2016). Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. Cambridge university press.

Shah, Anwar (2006). Corruption and Decentralized Public Governance. World Bank Policy Research Working Papers Series. Washington DC: The World Bank.

Syed, R., & Bandara, W. (2019). Controlling corruption in developing country public sector: A process ecosystems perspective. In Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) 2019 (pp. 1-9). Association for Information Systems.

Tanzi, Vito (1998). Corruption and the budget: Problems and solutions. In: Arvind K. Jain, ed. Economics of Corruption, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Transparency International. 2023. Corruption Perception Index. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023. Diakses pada tanggal 19 Maret 2024.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Tanpa Tahun. Module Series on Anti-Corruption: Module 4 Public Sector Corruption.

Yeboah-Assiamah, E., Asamoah, K., & Osei-kojo, A. (2014). Corruption here, corruption there, corruption everywhere: a framework for understanding and addressing public sector corruption in developing African democracies. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 4(3), 186-204.

Yeboah‐Assiamah, E., Asamoah, K., Bawole, J. N., & Musah‐Surugu, I. J. (2016). A socio‐cultural approach to public sector corruption in Africa: key pointers for reflection. Journal of Public Affairs, 16(3), 279-293.

Downloads

Published

2024-03-27

How to Cite

Aiman, R. (2024). Persistensi Korupsi Sektor Publik: Dari Motivasi Individu sampai Normalisasi dalam Budaya Organisasi. Peradaban Journal of Economic and Business, 3(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.59001/pjeb.v3i1.156

Issue

Section

Articles