Rethinking Child Rights Protection in the Embong Mereng Red-Light District through Indonesian Law and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59001/pjls.v5i1.846Keywords:
child rights protection, Indonesia, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, red-light district, socio-legal studiesAbstract
Despite Indonesia’s comprehensive legal framework on child protection, children living in red-light districts continue to experience multidimensional vulnerabilities that remain inadequately addressed by existing policies. This study examines the implementation of Law Number 35 of 2014 on Child Protection in the Embong Mereng red-light district and rethinks child rights protection through the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah using Jasser Auda’s systems approach. Employing a qualitative socio-legal method, the study draws on interviews, field observations, and an analysis of Indonesia’s child protection legal framework. The findings reveal that although child rights protection has been formally implemented through education, healthcare services, and local government programs, a substantial gap persists between legal compliance and the substantive fulfillment of children’s rights. Children continue to experience social stigma, psychosocial pressure, and premature social maturation, while existing policies remain fragmented and fail to address these vulnerabilities holistically. Viewed through maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, these shortcomings reflect limitations in wholeness, interrelated hierarchy, multidimensionality, and purposefulness. The study argues for reorienting child rights protection from a compliance-based legal model toward a holistic, rights-based, and vulnerability-sensitive framework integrating the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. It contributes to socio-legal scholarship by proposing a holistic conceptual model that integrates Indonesia’s legal framework with Jasser Auda’s systems approach to prioritize the substantive fulfillment of children’s rights in marginalized communities.
Meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki kerangka hukum yang komprehensif mengenai perlindungan anak, anak-anak yang tinggal di kawasan lokalisasi masih mengalami kerentanan multidimensional yang belum direspons secara memadai oleh kebijakan yang ada. Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak di kawasan lokalisasi Embong Mereng sekaligus mereorientasikan perlindungan hak anak melalui perspektif maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah dengan menggunakan pendekatan sistem Jasser Auda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosio-legal melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan analisis terhadap kerangka hukum perlindungan anak di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun perlindungan hak anak secara formal telah dilaksanakan melalui penyediaan akses pendidikan, layanan kesehatan, dan program pemerintah daerah, masih terdapat kesenjangan yang signifikan antara kepatuhan hukum secara formal dan pemenuhan hak-hak anak secara substantif. Anak-anak masih menghadapi stigma sosial, tekanan psikososial, dan pematangan sosial yang berlangsung lebih dini, sementara kebijakan yang ada masih bersifat terfragmentasi dan belum mampu merespons kerentanan tersebut secara holistik. Ditinjau dari perspektif maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, kondisi tersebut mencerminkan keterbatasan dalam menerapkan prinsip wholeness, interrelated hierarchy, multidimensionality, dan purposefulness. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berargumen bahwa perlindungan hak anak perlu direorientasikan dari model yang berorientasi pada kepatuhan hukum menuju kerangka yang holistik, berbasis hak, dan peka terhadap kerentanan dengan mengintegrasikan tujuan-tujuan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kajian sosio-legal dengan menawarkan model konseptual holistik yang mengintegrasikan kerangka hukum Indonesia dengan pendekatan sistem Jasser Auda untuk mengutamakan pemenuhan hak-hak anak secara substantif di komunitas-komunitas termarginalkan.
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