Analysis of Australia's TPPA on Intellectual Property Rights Protection Under TRIPS and WTO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59001/pjls.v3i2.244Keywords:
Intellectual Property Rights, International Trade , Plain Packaging of Tobacco, TRIPS and GATT PrinciplesAbstract
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the international trade law system are regulated through several international agreements, including the provisions of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The main objectives of international trade law are to maintain stability in global trade, prevent domestic policies that harm other countries, create a conducive and favorable trade climate for economic growth, and improve the standard of living of people globally. This research uses normative legal methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. This study focuses on the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act (TPPA) policy enacted by Australia. This policy is based on the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce tobacco consumption. However, this policy conflicts with TRIPS principles related to IPR protection, particularly trademarks. The TPPA restricts the use of trademarks on tobacco packaging, by setting standards by prohibiting the inclusion of trademarks or other marks on tobacco product packaging, using standardized fonts, and requiring the use of uniform packaging for all tobacco products sold in Australia, by specifying color, shape, size, and layout. This is considered to be contrary to TRIPS principles, which protect trademark rights as part of non-discriminatory international trade. Nonetheless, under GATT Article 20 on General Exceptions, Australia's TPPA policy is considered legitimate as it aims to protect human life or health in formulating national laws in the public interest.
References
Adolf, H. (2005). Hukum ekonomi internasional: Suatu pengantar. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Agarwal, S. K. (2011, March 20). Trips-Plus Agenda Through Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement: Implications for India [SSRN Scholarly Paper]. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1868026
Azizah, W., & Baik, B. N. (2024). Memahami Liberalisasi Perdagangan: Dampak dan Implikasinya dalam Konteks Ekonomi Global. JURNAL AKADEMIK EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN, 1(4), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.61722/jaem.v1i4.3333
Barizah, N. (2009). Intellectual Property Implications On Biological Resources: Indonesia’s Adoption of International Intellectual Property Regimes and The Failure To Adequately Address The Policy Challenges in The Area of Biological Resources. Jakarta: Nagara. (Jakarta).
Buzard, K., & Voon, T. (2020). How Trade-Restrictive Is Standardized Packaging? Economic and Legal Implications of the WTO Panel Reports in Australia–Tobacco Plain Packaging. World Trade Review, 19(2), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745620000051
Correa, C. M. (2020). Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Commentary on the TRIPS Agreement (1st Edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dutfield, G. (2001). TRIPS-Related Aspects of Traditional Knowledge. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 33, 233.
Fahri, M. A., & Susiatiningsih, H. (2018). Kemenangan Australia dalam Tuntutan Anggota WTO Mengenai Kebijakan Kemasan Polos pada Bungkus Rokok dan Produk Tembakau. Journal of International Relations Diponegoro, 4(3), 499–508. https://doi.org/10.14710/jirud.v4i3.21075
Lestari, S. N. (2019). Perlindungan Hak Moral Pencipta di Era Digital di Indonesia. Diponegoro Private Law Review, 4(3). Retrieved from https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/dplr/article/view/6550
Luthfiah, N. S. (2018). Legal Impact of Australia’s Tobacco Plain Packaging Requirements Towards the Prospect of the Export of Indonesian Tobacco (Desertasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Retrieved from https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/160790
Mauldiansyah, F. (2023). Analisis Penerapan Kebijakan Tobacco Plain Packaging (Perbandingan Hukum Australia, Inggris, dan Belanda). Media Iuris, 6(3), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v6i3.27285
Mufida, R. (2022). Penerapan Prinsip National Treatment dalam Kasus Sengketa Impor Daging Ayam antara Brasil dengan Indonesia. Justitia et Pax, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v38i1.5053
Musungu, S. F., & Dutfield, G. (2003). Multilateral agreements and a TRIPS-plus world: The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). Geneva: Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO).
Owoeye, O., Fabusuyi, O., & Nkhoma, M. (2021). The Australian tobacco plain packaging legislation: A case study on intellectual property enforcement and policy intervention to promote public health. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, 16(2), 164–178.
Qureshi, A. (2022). The World Trade Organization Implementing international trade norms. Manchester: MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS.
Qureshi, A. H. (2015). Interpreting WTO Agreements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sood, M. (2018). Hukum Perdagangan Internasional. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Stumberg, R. (2013). Safeguards for Tobacco Control: Options for the TPPA. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 39(2–3), 382–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/009885881303900210
Syahyu, Y. (2008). Hukum Antidumping di Indonesia. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
The World Trade Organization. (2024). What Are Intellectual Property Rights? Retrieved December 28, 2024, from https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel1_e.htm
Waluyo, T. J., & Yulianti, S. (2014). Politik Australia Dalam Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (Fctc) Pada Pemerintahan Julia Gillard (2010-2013). 1(2). Retrieved from https://www.neliti.com/publications/31483/
Widiatedja, I. G. N. P. (2021). Trade Liberalization, Domestic Trade Policies and the Failure of Reducing Poverty: The Case of Indonesia. Sociological Jurisprudence Journal, 4(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.22225/scj.4.1.2289.6-12
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rifki Yustisio, Aji Yudo Riyandono

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.